![]() ![]() There are five nerves that run through the IAC: Labyrinthine artery (usually a branch of the AICA or basilar artery) The canal narrows laterally, and the lateral boundary is the fundus, where the canal splits into three distinct openings, one of which is the facial nerve canal. The margins of the opening are smooth and rounded, and the canal is short (1 cm), running laterally to the bone. Tideholm B, Carlborg B, Brattmo M (1999) Continuous long-term measurements of the middle ear pressure in subjects with symptoms of patulous eustachian tube.The opening of the IAC, the porus acusticus internus, is located within the cranial cavity, near the posterior surface of the temporal bone. Takeuchi K, Majima Y, Hirata K, Hattori M, Sakakura Y (1990) Quantitation of tubotympanal mucociliary clearance in otitis media with effusion. Sadé J, Luntz M, Levy D (1995) Middle ear gas composition and middle ear aeration. Sadé J, Luntz M (1993) Dynamic measurement of gas composition in the middle ear. Is secretory otitis media acontraindications to air travel? Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 112:230–235 Sadé J, Ar A, Fuchs C (2003) Barotrauma vis-à-vis the “chronic otitis media syndrome”: two conditions with middle ear gas deficiency. Sadé J, Ar A (1997) Middle ear and auditory tube: middle ear clearance, gas exchange, and pressure regulation. ![]() Proctor B (1973) Anatomy of the eustachian tube. Prades JM, Dumollard JM, Calloc’h F, Merzougui N, Veyret C, Martin C (1998) Descriptive anatomy of the human auditory tube. Matsumurta H (1955) Studies on the composition of air in the tympanic cavity. Rapp Soc Franç ORL Pathol Cerv Fac Arnette, pp 229–237 Martin Ch, Dubreuil Ch, Chelikh L, Esteve D, Merzougui N (1996) Tubomanométrie (TMM). Rapp Soc Franç ORL Pathol Cerv Fac Arnette:68–87 Martin Ch, Sterkers O, Robier A, Frachet B, Papax M, Chelikh L (1996) Physiologie de la trompe auditive. Magnuson B (1981) On the origin of the high negative pressure in the middle ear space. Luntz M, Sadé J (1993) Dynamic measurement of gas composition in the middle ear. Kusakari J, Ohyama K, Inamura N, et al (1985) Gas analysis of the middle ear cavity in normal and pathological conditions. Kirchner FR, Robinson R, Smith RF (1976) Study of the ventilation of middle ear using radioactive xenon. Karasen RM, Varoglu E, Yildirim M, Eryilmaz K, Sütbeyaz Y, Sirin S (1999) Evaluation of Eustachian tube function with ventilation scintigraphy by using 133Xe gas. Kania R, Portier F, Lecain E, et al (2004) Experimental model for investigating trans-mucosal gas exchange in the middle ear of the rat. Ishijima K, Sando I, Balaban CD, Miura M, Takasaki K (2002) Functional anatomy of levator veli palatini muscle and tensor veli palatini muscle in association with Eustachian tube cartilage. ![]() Hergils L, Magnuson B (1997) Middle ear gas composition in pathologic conditions: mass spectrometry in otitis media with effusion and atelectasis. Hergils L, Magnuson B (1990) Human middle ear gas composition studied by mass spectrometry. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 114:1442–1444 Hergils L, Magnuson B (1988) Regulation of negative middle ear pressure without tubal opening. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 113:829–832 Hergils L, Magnuson B (1987) Middle-ear pressure under basal conditions. Grontved A, Krogh HJ, Christensen PH, et al (1989) Monitoring middle ear pressure by tympanometry. Acta Otolaryngol 83:25–28Įstève D, Dubreuil Ch, Della Vedova Cl, Normand B, Lavieille JP, Martin Ch (2001) Physiologie et physiopathologie de la fonction d’ouverture de la trompe auditive: Apports de la Tubomanométrie. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol 120:123–125Įlner A (1977) Quantitative studies of gas absorption from the normal middle ear. J Nucl Med 38:66–70Ĭelen Z, Kanlykama M, Yildrimin Bayazit A, Semih Mumbuc B, Zincirkeser S, Özbay E (1999) Scintigraphic evaluation of the eustachian tube function. Kugler Publications, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp 151–158īrenner W, Bohuslavizki KH, Kroker B, et al (1997) Ventilation scintigraphy of the middle ear. In: Ars B (ed) Fibrocartilaginous eustachian tube-middle ear cleft. ![]()
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